Systemtests

System testing is a level of software testing in which a complete, integrated software product is tested to evaluate its compliance with specified requirements. It focuses on the behavior of the system as a whole, including its interactions with external interfaces such as networks, databases, and hardware. It differs from unit testing, which targets individual components, and from integration testing, which verifies interfaces between components. System testing typically uses black-box techniques and is driven by requirements, use cases, and acceptance criteria rather than internal code structure.

Its objectives include validating functional correctness and non-functional properties such as performance, reliability, security, usability, and compatibility. Test cases cover end-to-end scenarios, business processes, boundary conditions, and error handling. Successful system testing provides evidence that the product meets user needs and is ready for user or customer acceptance testing. It can be performed by a dedicated QA team or independent testers to reduce bias.

Process and scope: System testing usually occurs after integration testing and before user acceptance testing. In traditional development, it is planned with a formal test plan, test cases, and defect-tracking. In agile environments, system testing may be distributed across teams and performed continuously within or between sprints, including automated regression tests. Types commonly addressed include functional system testing, performance and load testing, security testing, compatibility testing across platforms, usability testing, reliability and recovery testing.

Environment and challenges: System tests require a test environment that mirrors production in hardware, software, and data. Test data management, environment availability, and external dependencies can pose challenges. Automation plays a key role in executing repetitive functional tests and non-functional tests, while manual testing supports exploratory evaluation of user experience and complex workflows. Documentation, traceability to requirements, and defect tracking are essential to ensure test coverage and accountability.