Syntymävika

Syntymävika, also known as a congenital anomaly or birth defect, refers to a structural or functional abnormality present at birth. These conditions can affect various parts of the body and range in severity from mild to life-threatening. They can arise from genetic factors, environmental influences during pregnancy, or a combination of both.

The causes of syntymävika are diverse. Genetic mutations can lead to inherited conditions or new mutations occurring spontaneously. Exposure to certain medications, infections, or environmental toxins during pregnancy, such as alcohol or smoking, can also disrupt fetal development. Some birth defects have no identifiable cause.

Common examples of syntymävika include heart defects, neural tube defects like spina bifida, cleft lip and palate, and Down syndrome. Diagnosis can occur before birth through prenatal screening and imaging, or after birth through physical examination and diagnostic tests.

Treatment and management depend on the specific condition and its severity. Some birth defects may require surgical correction, while others can be managed with medication, therapy, or ongoing medical care. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes for individuals with syntymävika. Support and resources are available for affected individuals and their families to help navigate the challenges associated with these conditions.