Supragingival

Supragingival describes something located above the gingival margin, the edge of the gum that surrounds a tooth. In dentistry, the term is used to distinguish structures or deposits on tooth surfaces or restorations above the gum line from those that occur below it (subgingival).

Supragingival plaque, or biofilm, forms on exposed tooth surfaces and is most prominent at chewing surfaces and near contact areas between teeth. If not removed, plaque can mineralize into supragingival calculus (tartar) on crowns or restorations, which is visible and can affect aesthetics and gingival health. Supragingival calculus contrasts with subgingival calculus, which forms below the gum margin and is harder to detect visually.

In addition to deposits, the term can describe margins of dental restorations. Supragingival margins are those positioned above the gingival margin, whereas subgingival margins extend below it. This distinction is important for cleaning access, periodontal health, and restoration longevity.

Clinical relevance is primarily in hygiene and periodontal care: supragingival deposits are generally more accessible for removal through routine brushing, flossing, and professional cleaning, such as scaling and polishing. Persistent supragingival plaque or calculus can contribute to gingivitis and caries, while subgingival deposits pose different challenges in periodontal treatment.

Etymology-wise, supragingival comes from supra- meaning above and gingivalis meaning of the gums.