Suhkurtõve

Suhkurtõve, more commonly known as diabetes mellitus, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. This condition arises from either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the body's cells not responding properly to the insulin that is produced. Insulin is a hormone crucial for regulating blood sugar by allowing glucose from the bloodstream to enter cells for energy.

There are several primary types of suhkurtõve. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This typically leads to an absolute deficiency of insulin. Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, is characterized by insulin resistance, meaning the body's cells do not effectively use insulin, and often a relative insulin deficiency. Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth, though it increases the risk of type 2 diabetes later in life for both mother and child.

Symptoms of suhkurtõve can include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. If left unmanaged, high blood glucose levels can lead to serious long-term complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Management strategies vary depending on the type and severity of the condition and often involve lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, oral medications, and in some cases, insulin therapy. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential for effective management.