Subsistenzniveau

Subsistenzniveau, also known as subsistence level, refers to the minimum standard of living required for an individual or family to meet basic physical and psychological needs necessary for survival. The concept is used in economics, public policy, and social welfare to identify those who are at risk of extreme poverty.

The subsistenzniveau is typically expressed in monetary terms and is calculated by aggregating the costs of essential goods and services, such as food, clothing, shelter, sanitation, health care, and basic education. Depending on the country and methodology, the level may be defined as a fixed absolute figure or a relative measure based on median income.

In many welfare assessments, the subsistenzniveau serves as a threshold for eligibility for social assistance and health programs. It also informs international comparisons of poverty and the evaluation of poverty alleviation strategies. While the precise calculation can vary widely—some approaches use a “food share” method that allocates only a portion of the national income to food, while others employ multi-dimensional indices—global organizations like the World Bank and the OECD routinely publish subsistenzniveau estimates for their member states.

Understanding the subsistenzniveau helps policymakers target interventions, monitor progress toward reducing extreme poverty, and assess the impact of economic shocks on vulnerable populations.