Subadults

Subadult is a term used across biology, archaeology, and law to describe an individual that has not yet reached full adult maturity. In biology and zoology, subadults occupy a developmental stage between juvenile and adult, during which growth and often sexual maturation are still underway. In humans, the term is sometimes used to refer to adolescents or young people who are not yet legally considered adults, though definitions of age can vary by culture and jurisdiction. In non-human animals, subadults may resemble adults in some features but lack complete reproductive capacity or skeletal maturity.

In biology and paleontology, subadult status is typically inferred from physiological and skeletal indicators rather than calendar age. common markers include long-bone epiphyseal fusion, tooth eruption patterns, and overall size relative to species-specific adult limits. Behavior, physiology, and hormonal status may also distinguish subadults from adults. In fossil and archaeological contexts, subadult individuals are identified through dental development and bone growth stages, providing insights into growth patterns, life history, and population structure.

In legal and social contexts, the term subadult is used to describe a person who is below the age of majority. Subadults often receive different rights and protections compared with adults, including considerations in criminal responsibility, consent, and child welfare. The exact age threshold for subadult status varies by jurisdiction, reflecting differing cultural and legal definitions of adulthood.

Overall, subadult status is a relative developmental category, dependent on species, context, and the specific biological or legal criteria applied. It signals a transitional phase marked by ongoing growth, maturation, and evolving responsibilities.