Streblinidae

Streblinidae is a family of batflies that are obligate ectoparasites of bats. They are found in the northern and southern hemispheres, with a global distribution. Streblinidae is the second-largest family of ectoparasitic insects, following Hippoboscidea.

The life cycle of Streblinidae begins with the adult female batfly attaching herself to a host bat's fur, where she lays her eggs. The eggs hatch into larvae, which then feed on the bat's blood and other body fluids. As the larvae grow, they molt and eventually pupate. After metamorphosis, the adult fly emerges and begins the process anew.

There are over 700 species of batflies, which are grouped into eight genera: Alloeoryza, Gittenberga, Neoptenastrea, Nasula, Oneyeda, Pseudostrebla, Strebla, and Trich(PHPtimenicophilia). Host associations are varied, with some species of batflies parasitizing over 100 different bat species.

Batflies are often found in colonies, with an average of 15 parasites per host. The transmission of Streblinidae species occurs primarily from mother to offspring. In some cases, hosts may exhibit dense aggregations of parasites, leading to disfigurement and reduced fitness. However, not all Streblinine rubs result in any discernible negative effects on their hosts.

The biology and taxonomy of Streblinidae are topics of ongoing research. Despite being highly specialized parasites, these insects have a complex evolution, and their association with their host bats is deeply intertwined.