Stoßführung

Stoßführung is a term used in mechanical engineering to describe the guidance and control of the motion of a machine element during a stroke or impact. It concerns the trajectory, timing, and contact conditions between interacting parts, such as a punch and die, a hammer and workpiece, or a test specimen. The aim is to produce a prescribed movement path while minimizing side loads and wear.

Design and components: Stoßführung is achieved with guiding elements such as linear guides or bushings, guide rails, and precisely machined contact surfaces. Damping and cushioning components, including springs, hydraulic or pneumatic dampers, and elastomer elements, are used to control acceleration, reduce peaks, and suppress vibrations. In more advanced systems, actuators with closed-loop control or cams profile the stroke.

Dimensions and constraints: Proper alignment, clearances, and stiffness distribution are critical to prevent misguidance, stick-slip, and bending of the moving part. The stroke profile can be shaped to optimize speed, energy transfer, and repeatability.

Applications and measurement: Common domains include stamping presses, forging hammers, riveting and punching machines, impact testing rigs, and any equipment featuring repetitive, high-rate impacts. In CNC and automation contexts, Stoßführung may be part of the control strategy for tool paths and collision avoidance. Design is supported by kinematic analysis, acceleration profiles, and load measurements, with standards referencing machine safety and performance guidelines from DIN, ISO, or national regulators depending on the application.