StandardLipidprofile

The StandardLipidprofile, or standard lipid profile, is a blood test that measures lipid levels to assess cardiovascular risk and to monitor lipid-lowering therapy. It typically includes total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B may also be reported as part of extended panels.

Specimen collection usually requires fasting for about 8 to 12 hours, though some settings accept nonfasting samples. Results are reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) in the United States or millimoles per liter (mmol/L) in many other countries. The LDL-C value is often calculated using the Friedewald equation (LDL-C ≈ TC – HDL-C – TG/5) when triglycerides are not severely elevated; direct LDL-C measurement is used when triglycerides are high or accuracy is needed.

Interpretation centers on LDL-C as a primary target for reducing cardiovascular risk, with elevated triglycerides or low HDL-C contributing to risk assessment as well. Reference ranges and treatment targets vary by age, sex, and overall risk; targets are individualized. Non-HDL cholesterol, calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL-C, provides an additional metric, especially when triglycerides are elevated. Some laboratories or guidelines may include apolipoprotein B for a more direct assessment of atherogenic particle burden.

Uses and limitations: the profile helps assess baseline risk, guide decisions about therapies such as statins, and monitor response to treatment. Limitations include the influence of recent meals, alcohol use, certain medications, kidney or liver disease, and rare genetic disorders. It remains one component of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk assessment.