Soojusvahetaa

Soojusvahetaa is a term used to describe heat exchange in Estonian contexts, referring to the transfer of thermal energy between substances at different temperatures, typically accomplished with a heat exchanger device. The concept encompasses both the process and the equipment that enables it, and it is fundamental in energy efficiency across many industries.

In most systems, two fluids flow past or through a barrier so that heat passes from the hotter to the cooler stream without mixing. Heat transfer occurs mainly by conduction through the solid walls and by convection at the fluid interfaces; in direct-contact arrangements the fluids themselves may mix. Indirect heat exchange relies on a separating wall, while direct contact can involve mixing of the streams.

Common configurations include shell-and-tube, plate, and finned-tube heat exchangers, as well as air-cooled units and condensers/evaporators in refrigeration cycles. Plate heat exchangers offer high surface area in compact form, while shell-and-tube units are robust for higher pressures and temperatures.

Performance is described by the overall heat transfer coefficient, the heat transfer area, and the temperature driving force. Engineers use methods such as the log-mean temperature difference (LMTD) or the number of transfer units (NTU) to estimate duty and efficiency. Fouling, pressure drop, and material compatibility are important design considerations.

Soojusvaheta is widely used in power generation, HVAC, chemical processing, refrigeration, and electronic cooling, enabling energy recovery, process integration, and temperature control. Materials commonly used include copper, stainless steel, and other alloys chosen for corrosion resistance and heat transfer performance. Ongoing design aims to reduce energy use, extend equipment life, and facilitate maintenance.