Smartglas

Smartglas refers to a family of glass products whose optical and thermal properties can be reversibly altered in response to external stimuli. This capability enables dynamic control of light, glare, privacy, and energy use in buildings and transportation, while maintaining structural integrity and visibility when desired.

The term encompasses several technologies. Electrochromic glass changes tint when a small electrical voltage is applied, offering gradual shading and good color neutrality. Thermochromic glass responds to temperature changes, reducing shade in warmer conditions without electrical input. Suspended particle device (SPD) glass modulates light by aligning or dispersing microscopic particles, providing rapid switching and strong contrast. Additional approaches include liquid crystal and photochromic glazings, each with distinct switching speeds, color characteristics, and power requirements. Collectively, these technologies vary in durability, manufacturing complexity, and compatibility with existing glazing systems.

Applications span architecture, automotive, and consumer products. In architecture, smartglas is used for facades, skylights, and interior partitions to cut solar heat gain, reduce glare, and preserve outside views when needed. In vehicles, it provides adjustable sun shading and privacy. In displays and privacy windows, it can offer rapid on-off or gradual transitions without mechanical blinds. Systems are commonly integrated into laminated or insulated glazing units and linked to building management or vehicle control systems.

Market and development are driven by energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and privacy needs, balanced against cost, switching performance, and long-term durability. Commercialization began in the late 20th century, with ongoing research aimed at faster switching, better color neutrality, and broader applicability.