Sjónhimnusjúkdómum

Sjónhimnusjúkdómum is an Icelandic term referring to diseases affecting the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. These conditions can impair vision in various ways, from blurriness to complete loss.

Common retinal diseases include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa. AMD affects the central vision and is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that damages the blood vessels in the retina. Retinal detachment occurs when the retina pulls away from its normal position, requiring prompt medical attention. Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive vision loss.

Symptoms can vary depending on the specific disease but may include blurred or distorted vision, floaters, flashes of light, and difficulty seeing in dim light. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing most retinal diseases and preserving vision. Diagnosis often involves a comprehensive eye examination, including tests like optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes and medications to laser therapy and surgery. Regular eye check-ups are recommended, especially for individuals with risk factors such as diabetes, a family history of eye disease, or advanced age.