Sittinae

Sittinae is a subfamily of birds belonging to the family Sittidae, commonly known as nuthatches. This subfamily contains a single genus, Sitta, which encompasses all species of nuthatches. Nuthatches are small, passerine birds characterized by their stout bodies, large heads, short tails, and strong feet. They are distinguished by their ability to climb down tree trunks and branches headfirst, a feat unusual among birds. This behavior is facilitated by their strong, sharp claws and their stiff tail feathers, which they use as a prop.

The species within Sittinae are found across the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting woodlands and forests. They are omnivorous, feeding on insects, seeds, and nuts, which they often wedge into bark crevices to break open with their beaks. Their plumage varies among species but generally includes shades of blue-gray, brown, and white, often with a distinctive black eye stripe. Many species are known for their characteristic nasal calls.

There are around twenty species of nuthatches, including the Eurasian nuthatch, the North American nuthatch, and the red-breasted nuthatch. While most species are resident, some undertake short-distance migrations. They typically nest in tree cavities, which they may excavate themselves or enlarge existing holes. The subfamily Sittinae is a well-defined group within the avian world, recognized for its unique arboreal adaptations and widespread distribution.