Siganus

Siganus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes in the family Siganidae, commonly known as rabbitfishes. They are native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region, where they inhabit coral reefs, lagoons, and seagrass beds from the Red Sea to the central Pacific, typically at depths of 1 to 40 meters. The genus comprises about 20 described species. Members of Siganus are characterized by a laterally compressed body, a small mouth with incisor-like teeth for grazing, and often bright, patterned coloration that aids in species recognition and warning.

A notable feature of Siganus is the presence of venomous spines in the dorsal and often the anal fins. The venom apparatus can cause painful wounds in humans; medical attention is advised for severe reactions, and hot-water immersion is a common first aid treatment.

Ecology and behavior: Siganus species are primarily herbivores and feed on benthic algae and seagrasses, playing an important role in controlling algal growth on reefs. They are diurnal and may form small to moderate-sized schools, especially when young; adults can be more territorial with fixed home ranges.

Reproduction and life history: most species are broadcast spawners. Eggs and larvae are pelagic before settling to reef habitats. Growth rates and maturity vary among species.

In human use: Siganus species are important as food fish in many regions and are kept in home and public aquariums, though aquarium collection must consider reef impacts. Conservation status varies by species, but the overall genus is not currently considered globally threatened.