Shvetambara

Shvetambara, also spelled Svetambara, is one of the two major branches of Jainism, the other being Digambara. The name means “white-clad,” referring to the traditional practice of wearing white garments by Shvetambara monks and nuns; Digambaras are described as “sky-clad,” traditionally without clothing.

Beliefs and practice in Shvetambara Jainism emphasize nonviolence (ahimsa), truth, non-stealing, celibacy, and non-possessiveness, together with the pursuit of spiritual liberation through ethical conduct, ascetic discipline, and meditation. A key doctrinal difference from Digambaras concerns monastic attire and gender dynamics: Shvetambaras generally practice more inclusive monastic rules, allowing women to become nuns and supporting the belief that both men and women can attain moksha, depending on karma and spiritual effort.

Scriptures and sects: Shvetambara Jainism preserves a canon of Jain scriptures known as the Agamas, though the exact canons and their status are a matter of intra-Jain scholarly debate. Within the Shvetambara tradition, there are several sub-sects, including Murtipujakas (who worship images of Tirthankaras in temples), Sthanakvapis (who avoid idol worship and emphasize meditation and study), and Terapanthis (a reform-oriented order within the tradition that emphasizes discipline and specific monastic practices).

Geography: Shvetambara communities are widespread across India, especially in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh, with significant populations in Nepal and in Jain diaspora communities around the world.

Overall, Shvetambara represents a major, historically influential strand of Jainism with distinctive monastic practices, scriptures, and organizational traditions that continue to shape Jain religious life.