Sexualities

Sexualities are umbrella terms that refer to the diverse ways people experience attraction, desire, intimacy, and relationships. They include sexual orientation (the pattern of a person’s attractions), romantic orientation (whom one loves romantically), sexual behavior, erotic preferences, and how individuals identify themselves sexually or romantically. Common labels include heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, asexual, demisexual, gray-asexual, and queer, though many people use different terms or no label at all. Sexualities can be fluid and change over time for some individuals.

Historically and across cultures, understandings of sexuality have varied widely, influenced by religion, law, social norms, and science. Contemporary discourse emphasizes consent, autonomy, and the right to express sexual orientation and identity free from discrimination. People may experience overlapping or nonbinary attractions across genders, and some may form romantic partnerships without sexual activity.

In health and education, recognizing diverse sexualities supports informed choices, safe sex practices, mental health, and access to affirmative care. Social attitudes, legal rights (such as marriage equality or protection from discrimination), and media representation affect well-being and inclusion. Researchers and policymakers advocate inclusive language and evidence-based approaches to support individuals of all sexualities, with attention to intersecting identities such as race, gender, disability, and cultural background.