Selfamputation

Self-amputation is the removal or attempted removal of a body part by the person themselves, without external assistance. It is a rare act that typically occurs in the context of extreme distress, underlying psychiatric illness, or body-identity concerns.

Causes and related conditions include acute psychosis, severe mood disorders, delirium, intoxication, and body integrity identity disorder (BIID), a controversial condition in which a person feels a persistent sense of mismatch between their physical body and their identity. BIID has generated debate about diagnosis, treatment, and the ethics of irreversible surgical intervention.

Medical consequences are severe and can be life-threatening. Self-amputation often requires emergency surgery, and carries risks such as heavy bleeding, infection, and shock, potentially resulting in permanent disability. Post-event care includes surgical management, infection control, pain relief, rehabilitation, and prosthetic fitting, along with ongoing psychological support.

Prevention and care emphasize crisis intervention and treatment of underlying conditions. Medical ethics stress balancing patient autonomy with the duty to preserve life and prevent harm. In rare cases, under rigorous assessment and consent, some clinicians have considered elective amputation for BIID, but such procedures remain controversial and are not widely accepted. If you or someone you know is in immediate danger or distress, seek emergency help or contact a mental health professional.