SchedulingMethoden

SchedulingMethoden are strategies used to determine the order and allocation of tasks to resources over time. In computer science and operating systems, scheduling decides which process receives the CPU next. Criteria typically include CPU utilization, throughput, average turnaround time, response time, and fairness. Classic methods include First-Come, First-Served (FCFS), Shortest Job Next (SJN) and its preemptive form Shortest Remaining Time (SRTF), Round Robin (RR) with a time quantum, and Priority-based scheduling. Multi-level queues and multi-level feedback queues adjust priority based on behavior and history. Real-time systems use Rate Monotonic and Earliest Deadline First scheduling, emphasizing meeting deadlines over average performance. Modern CPUs often combine techniques to balance latency, throughput, and predictability.

In operations research and manufacturing, scheduling refers to sequencing jobs on machines or in a factory. Goals include minimizing makespan, total completion time, tardiness, or costs, and balancing capacity. Methods range from exact approaches like Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) for project timelines, to resource-constrained project scheduling. For repetitive production, line balancing and flow shop scheduling are common. Heuristic and metaheuristic methods (greedy algorithms, genetic algorithms, tabu search) are used for large, complex problems, while mixed-integer programming and constraint programming offer precise formulations when data are well-structured.

Key distinctions include online versus offline scheduling, deterministic versus stochastic durations, and centralized versus distributed control. SchedulingMethoden thus encompasses a family of techniques tailored to objectives, constraints, and environmental characteristics.