Scarecrow

A scarecrow is a decoy or effigy in the form of a human figure used to deter birds, especially grain-eating species, from crops. Traditionally placed in fields among crops such as corn, the scarecrow is typically constructed from a framework of wood or metal, dressed in old clothes, stuffed with straw or other insulating materials, and mounted on a pole or stake. The term scarecrow derives from its function: to scare crows and other birds.

Scarecrows have a long history in agriculture and have appeared in many cultures, with variations in construction depending on local materials and needs. In some regions, farmers use mobile or animated devices, reflective tape, noises, or propane-powered prop devices in addition to or instead of traditional straw effigies. The effectiveness of scarecrows declines over time as birds become habituated, leading to the use of multiple deterrents or more sophisticated systems, such as netting, moved placements, or electronic devices.

In culture, scarecrows have become symbols of rural life and have appeared in literature, art, and film. The best-known fictional scarecrow is the character in The Wizard of Oz, who is made of straw and seeks a brain. Modern scarecrows include garden variants and decorative sculptures used for aesthetic purposes rather than pest control. They remain a recognizable icon in agriculture and popular culture.