scarecrows

Scarecrows are decoys used in agriculture to deter birds from crops. They are typically humanoid figures made from straw or other lightweight materials, dressed in old clothing, and mounted on a stake or frame. The goal is to create the impression of human presence in the field.

Traditional scarecrows are built with a wooden frame, stuffing using straw or hay, and clothing that resembles a farmer. Modern versions may use nylon, plastic, or foam and can include moving arms, reflective surfaces, or sound devices. Height often ranges from four to seven feet and they are anchored to the ground.

Scarecrows have been used for centuries in many regions of the world. They appear in ancient farming practices and later became common in medieval and early modern Europe. The term scarecrow entered English in earlier centuries, and the practice has evolved with agricultural technology.

Effectiveness varies; birds can quickly learn to ignore a non-threatening figure. To improve results, scarecrows are commonly combined with other deterrents such as reflective tape, noise makers, predator decoys, scent repellents, or electronic devices. Some systems employ motion sensors, solar lights, or sprinkler devices, and drones are used in some large operations.

Beyond farming, scarecrows appear in folklore and popular culture, most famously as the character in The Wizard of Oz. The image persists as a generic symbol of rural life and agricultural work.