Sarapuu

Sarapuu is a genus of plants in the family Rhamnaceae, commonly known as buckthorns. The genus contains approximately 40-50 species of shrubs and small trees. These plants are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with a particular concentration in Europe and Asia. Sarapuu species are characterized by their often thorny branches, simple alternate leaves, and small, inconspicuous flowers that typically appear in clusters. The fruits are usually small berries, which can range in color from black to red or blue, and are a food source for many birds.

One of the most well-known species is Frangula alnus, also known as alder buckthorn or glossy buckthorn. This species is native to Europe, northwestern Africa, and western Asia. It is a large shrub or small tree that prefers moist, acidic soils and is often found in woodlands, fens, and bogs. Alder buckthorn has been historically used for its medicinal properties, particularly as a laxative, due to compounds found in its bark. However, its use can be dangerous if not properly prepared.

Another notable species is Rhamnus cathartica, common buckthorn. This invasive species, originally from Europe, North Africa, and Asia, has become a significant problem in North America. It forms dense thickets that outcompete native vegetation, alter soil chemistry, and provide poor habitat for wildlife. Common buckthorn is recognizable by its sharp thorns and the dark, purplish-black berries it produces, which are known to cause diarrhea in humans and birds if consumed in large quantities. Management efforts in North America focus on its eradication to protect native ecosystems.