Sarafan

The sarafan is a traditional Russian women's sleeveless jumper dress worn over a blouse. Typically long and cut in a simple trapezoidal shape, it forms part of the rural folk costume in many regions of Russia.

Traditionally made from linen, cotton, or wool, the sarafan is often brightly colored and decorated with embroidery, appliqué, or woven patterns. It is worn over a blouse, with a belt or cord at the waist; necklines vary from square to rounded, and straps may be wide or narrow depending on region.

There are regional variations in cut and ornamentation, including differences in strap width, neckline, and decorative motifs. Some sarafans are worn with little or no trim for everyday use, while ceremonial versions feature rich embroidery and symbolism.

The sarafan emerged as a distinct element of Russian peasant dress in the 16th to 17th centuries, evolving from earlier layered garments. It reached peak visibility in the 18th and 19th centuries as a symbol of rural life and national identity, appearing in art and ethnographic displays.

In modern times the sarafan remains part of regional folk costumes and is used in performances, weddings, and festivals. It has also influenced contemporary fashion, where its simple silhouette and decorative elements are reinterpreted in new fabrics and silhouettes.