Sangsaeng

Sangsaeng refers to a practice in Korean culture where individuals, often young adults, engage in extreme self-starvation and physical exhaustion as a form of self-punishment or spiritual discipline. The term originates from the Korean words *sansa* (산사), meaning "mountain temple," and *seng* (성), meaning "monk," though it is not strictly limited to monastic contexts. The behavior is rooted in a blend of Buddhist ascetic traditions, folk beliefs, and modern psychological factors, often tied to themes of purification, penance, or spiritual enlightenment.

Participants in sangsaeng may fast for extended periods, sleep on hard surfaces, or endure harsh environmental conditions such as extreme cold or isolation. Some cases involve self-inflicted wounds or other forms of bodily harm. While historically linked to religious devotion, contemporary instances often reflect personal struggles with mental health, societal pressures, or a desire for transcendence. The practice has gained attention in South Korea due to its association with high-profile cases, including deaths linked to prolonged fasting or exhaustion.

Critics argue that sangsaeng can be dangerous, leading to severe health complications or fatal outcomes. Authorities and mental health professionals often emphasize the need for intervention, framing the behavior as a symptom of deeper psychological distress rather than a legitimate spiritual practice. Cultural shifts have also influenced perceptions, with some viewing sangsaeng as a harmful trend rather than a traditional ritual. Efforts to address the issue include public awareness campaigns, mental health support, and legal measures to protect vulnerable individuals.