Rõhuhaigused

Rõhuhaigused, also known as hypertension or high blood pressure, refers to a chronic medical condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. This means the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high, which can lead to serious health problems over time. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded as two numbers: the systolic pressure (the higher number, representing pressure when the heart beats) and the diastolic pressure (the lower number, representing pressure when the heart rests between beats). A diagnosis of hypertension is typically made when blood pressure readings are consistently at or above 130/80 mmHg.

There are two main types of hypertension: primary (essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension develops gradually over many years and has no single identifiable cause, though a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors are believed to contribute. These factors can include age, family history, obesity, lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet high in salt and fat, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking. Secondary hypertension is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease, thyroid problems, or certain medications.

The danger of hypertension lies in its often asymptomatic nature; many people have high blood pressure for years without experiencing any symptoms. However, untreated hypertension significantly increases the risk of developing serious health complications, including heart disease (heart attack, heart failure), stroke, kidney damage or failure, vision loss, and peripheral artery disease. Diagnosis is usually made through regular blood pressure monitoring. Treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes, regular exercise, weight management, and smoking cessation, and may also include medication to lower blood pressure.