Rif

The Rif is a historic and geographic region in northern Morocco, named after the Rif Mountains that run along the Mediterranean coast from Tangier in the west to the Moulouya River in the east. The area includes coastal plains and inland highlands with a rugged terrain. Climate is Mediterranean, with wet winters and dry summers. Major urban centers include Al Hoceima and Nador, while Ajdir is tied to the historical capital of the Rif Republic.

The region is primarily inhabited by Imazighen (Berbers) who speak Tarifit, one of the Amazigh languages. The Rif has its own distinct cultural traditions, music, and crafts, and remains closely tied to the wider Amazigh heritage of the Maghreb. The economy has traditionally relied on agriculture, fishing, and, more recently, tourism and natural resource development, though it has faced broader development challenges within Morocco.

Historically, the Rif gained prominence in the Rif War (1921–1926), when Berber forces led by Abd el-Krim fought Spanish and French troops. Abd el-Krim proclaimed the Rif Republic with Ajdir as its capital, but the uprising was ultimately quelled, and the Rif region was reincorporated into the Moroccan state under the protectorates before independence. After Morocco achieved independence in 1956, the Rif experienced ongoing economic marginalization relative to other regions, contributing to social and political tensions.

In the 21st century, the Rif region has been the focus of development and reform efforts, along with protests calling for economic opportunities and civic improvements. Notable events include the 2004 Al Hoceima earthquake, which caused significant damage and prompted rebuilding efforts. The Rif remains a region of geographic and cultural distinction within Morocco, with ongoing discussions about development, governance, and preservation of its linguistic and cultural heritage.