Riad

A riad is a traditional Moroccan house or palace built around a central interior courtyard or garden. Riads are characteristic of Moroccan urban architecture, especially within the medinas, and are designed to provide privacy, light, and ventilation while sheltering inhabitants from street activity.

The name derives from the Arabic word riyāḍ, meaning garden or open space, reflecting the central courtyard that forms the heart of the building. Typical riads have two to four or more stories arranged around the courtyard. Public or reception rooms open onto the courtyard or onto covered galleries, while bedrooms are located on upper floors. The courtyard commonly features a fountain or garden and is often shaded by trees such as orange or pomegranate trees.

Architectural details emphasize decoration and material contrast. Walls may be finished in plaster or stucco and embellished with zellij tilework, carved woodwork, or painted ceilings. Rooms and corridors often look toward the courtyard, maximizing natural light and promoting cross-ventilation. The entrance is usually modest, with a door that opens into a vestibule leading to the interior courtyard. Roof terraces are common for sun and social space.

Historically, riads evolved as urban residences in Islamic North Africa and were later refined in Moroccan cities such as Marrakech, Fes, and Rabat. In the 20th century many riads were renovated or converted into guesthouses and boutique hotels, helping preserve traditional layouts while serving modern hospitality needs. Today, riads remain a symbol of Moroccan architectural heritage and urban living.