Reflukshaigusele

Reflukshaigusele is a chronic condition characterized by the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can produce symptoms and, in some cases, mucosal damage. The term is commonly used in Estonian medical literature to describe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Typical symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, and chest discomfort. Some people also experience dysphagia, chronic cough, hoarseness, or a sensation of a lump in the throat. Reflux can disrupt sleep and reduce quality of life, especially when symptoms occur frequently.

Most reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes inappropriately. Risk factors include obesity, hiatal hernia, pregnancy, smoking, and certain foods or medications. Impaired gastric emptying and delayed motility may also contribute to symptoms.

Diagnosis relies on symptoms and treatment response, with endoscopy used to assess mucosal injury or complications. Ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring or impedance testing helps when the diagnosis is uncertain. Esophageal manometry evaluates motility before surgical options are considered.

Management combines lifestyle changes and medications. First-line therapy usually includes proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid production, with antacids or H2 blockers for milder symptoms. In selected cases, prokinetic drugs, weight loss, and dietary adjustments are recommended. Surgery or endoscopic therapy may help for refractory cases.

Prognosis varies with severity. Reflukshaigusele is common and often controllable with therapy, though some individuals require long-term treatment. Potential complications include erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and, rarely, esophageal adenocarcinoma.