Raï

Raï is a form of Algerian popular music that originated in Oran in the 1920s and 1930s among young urban workers. The word raï comes from Arabic and is often interpreted as opinion, outlook, or perspective, reflecting its roots as music of social commentary and personal expression. Early raï blended traditional Algerian and Arab-Andalusian song with Spanish, French, and later Western styles, laying the groundwork for a portable, modern sound.

Musically, raï combines melodic singing with informal, danceable rhythms and contemporary production. In its later development, it commonly uses electric guitars, synthesizers, and drum machines alongside percussion such as the darbuka. Lyrics are typically in Algerian Arabic (Darija), with occasional French phrases or verses. Subjects range from love and longing to social and political issues, migration, and everyday life in urban neighborhoods.

Key figures and influence: Cheikha Rimitti, often cited as an early pioneer, helped establish raï’s street-level voice. In the 1980s–1990s, artists such as Cheb Hasni, Cheb Khaled, and Cheb Mami brought raï to the international stage. Rachid Taha fused raï with rock and other genres, expanding its European audience, while younger artists like Faudel continued the cross-cultural appeal. International collaborations, including Cheb Mami’s work with Western artists, contributed to raï’s global visibility.

Raï remains closely associated with the Algerian diaspora, especially in France, where it influenced contemporary pop and world music. It has faced periods of censorship and controversy but continues to be a vibrant, evolving genre that reflects social change, migration, and cultural exchange.