Oran

Oran is a coastal city in northwestern Algeria, the capital of Oran Province. Located on the Mediterranean, it is the country’s second-largest city and a major port, commercial center, and cultural hub.

Oran sits on a natural harbor along a crescent bay, with hills rising behind the city. Its built environment blends colonial-era architecture with modern districts, and the port handles a large share of Algeria’s maritime traffic.

The area has ancient origins and passed through several empires, including the Romans, Ottomans, and French. It became part of French Algeria in the 19th century and developed as a strategic port. Since independence in 1962 it has remained a major urban and economic center, with periods of conflict in the 1990s.

Oran is a cradle of raï music, which emerged in the early 20th century and helped shape modern Algerian popular culture. Landmarks include the Santa Cruz fortress on a hill above the bay and a mix of historic and contemporary architecture that reflects its diverse past.

The city’s economy rests on its port, logistics, light industry, and services. It is served by Oran–Es Sénia Airport and an expanding tram network, with rail and road connections to the rest of the country. The port handles trade for western Algeria.

Demography and education: Oran has a diverse population and hosts several higher-education institutions, including universities and research centers. The metropolitan area is home to roughly 1.5 million residents.