RIASEC

RIASEC is a model of vocational interests developed by psychologist John L. Holland. The acronym stands for Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. The theory proposes that people and work environments can be categorized into these six types, and that career satisfaction is highest when an individual’s dominant interests align with the characteristics of their work setting.

The six types are often depicted in a hexagonal arrangement, in which adjacent types are more similar and compatible. Individuals typically have a dominant type and several secondary types. Occupations and educational programs are described with RIASEC codes, which denote the preferred tasks and environments associated with the job. A person’s profile may be compared with occupational profiles to identify suitable career options.

Assessment instruments such as the Self-Directed Search and the Strong Interest Inventory use RIASEC codes to generate profiles and career recommendations. In counseling, practitioners compare a client’s coded interests with the profiles of various occupations to guide exploration and decision making.

Applications of RIASEC are broad, including high school career guidance, college major selection, vocational rehabilitation, and workforce development. The model informs curriculum planning, career exploration activities, and job placement strategies by emphasizing alignment between personal interests and work environments.

Limitations and critique center on its simplifying assumptions. Critics note that complex personality traits, evolving interests, and cultural or gender factors may not be fully captured. There is also concern about potential stereotyping or pigeonholing. Proponents argue that it provides a practical, evidence-based framework for exploring careers and should be used as a guide rather than a definitive predictor.