RAWformat

RAWformat is a family of digital image file formats used by many cameras to store the unprocessed or minimally processed data captured by the image sensor. Unlike standard JPEGs or TIFFs, RAWformat files are not yet converted into a final image, but rather contain the raw sensor data along with metadata that records camera settings. Because processing decisions such as white balance, exposure, and color interpretation are applied later, RAWformat files offer greater flexibility for post-processing.

A typical RAWformat file preserves a high dynamic range and preserves color information that can be adjusted after the shot. The data often requires debayering (demosaicing), noise reduction, and color correction in specialized software. Many RAW formats also store information about in-camera settings (like exposure compensation, ISO, white balance) as metadata and may include a small embedded preview image for quick viewing. Some RAW formats are losslessly or lossy compressed, while others are uncompressed, depending on the camera maker and model.

RAWformat has advantages and drawbacks. The main advantage is non-destructive editing with more latitude to recover details in shadows and highlights. It also helps maintain color fidelity across edits. The drawbacks include large file sizes, the need for compatible software to view and edit, and the fact that RAW formats are often proprietary to each manufacturer, leading to compatibility challenges over time.

Examples of common RAWformat variants include Nikon’s NEF, Canon’s CR2 and CR3, Sony’s ARW, Olympus/Panasonic’s ORF/RW2, and Fujifilm’s RAF, among others. Adobe’s DNG is a vendor-neutral RAW format intended to improve long-term accessibility. Typical workflows involve importing RAW files into a RAW converter or photo editor, performing adjustments, and exporting to standard formats for sharing or printing.