Põletikutasemed

Põletikutasemed refer to the depth of skin damage caused by burns. Understanding these levels is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment and prognosis. There are typically four recognized degrees of burns.

First-degree burns affect only the outermost layer of skin, the epidermis. They are characterized by redness, pain, and mild swelling, similar to a sunburn. The skin remains intact and does not blister. Healing usually occurs within a week with no scarring.

Second-degree burns involve damage to the epidermis and a portion of the underlying dermis. These burns are characterized by redness, significant pain, and blistering. They can be further classified as superficial partial-thickness or deep partial-thickness, depending on how much of the dermis is affected. Superficial burns may heal within two to three weeks with minimal scarring, while deeper burns may take longer and can result in significant scarring and changes in skin pigmentation.

Third-degree burns extend through all layers of the skin, including the epidermis and dermis, and may damage the underlying subcutaneous tissue. The burned area may appear white, leathery, or charred. There is often little to no pain because nerve endings have been destroyed. These burns require immediate medical attention and often necessitate skin grafting for healing. Scarring is inevitable and can be severe.

Fourth-degree burns are the most severe, extending beyond the skin and subcutaneous tissue to damage muscle, bone, and tendons. These burns are typically black and charred and require extensive medical intervention, often involving reconstructive surgery and potentially amputation. The prognosis for fourth-degree burns is generally poor.