PyFITS

PyFITS is a Python library used for reading and writing binary tables and images in the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) format. Developed by the National Solar Observatory (NSO) and later maintained by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, PyFITS is widely used in the astronomy and scientific computing communities.

Originally designed to handle FITS files generated by astronomical instruments, PyFITS provides a Python interface to access and manipulate the data and metadata stored in these files. The library supports various FITS formats, including ASCII and binary tables, as well as image files with associated header information.

PyFITS includes a range of functions for reading and writing FITS files, allowing users to access and manipulate the data, as well as insert, delete, and modify the header information. The library also provides support for advanced data types, such as multi-dimensional arrays and complex numbers.

One of the key features of PyFITS is its ability to handle very large datasets, making it a popular choice for astronomers and research scientists working with high-resolution images and large-scale surveys. The library is also highly configurable, allowing users to customize its behavior to suit their specific needs.

PyFITS is widely used in a variety of scientific applications, including data analysis, image processing, and data visualization. It is also integrated with other popular astronomy libraries, such as Astropy, making it an essential tool for any researcher working with astronomical data. Overall, PyFITS provides a powerful and flexible interface for reading, writing, and manipulating FITS files in Python.