Punktfundamenter

Punktfundamenter are isolated foundations that carry the load from a single point, typically a column, pedestal, or equipment, and transfer it to the ground. They usually consist of a reinforced concrete pad or pedestals that spread the load over a defined area so that the soil bearing pressure remains within allowable limits. This type of foundation is used when loads are concentrated and the local soil has sufficient bearing capacity, and it is often employed in low- to medium-rise buildings, industrial facilities, and structures with heavy machinery.

Design generally starts with a geotechnical investigation to determine soil bearing capacity and allowable settlement. The footing size and thickness are chosen to keep bearing pressure below capacity and to control differential settlement, especially under eccentric loads. Reinforcement is provided to resist bending, and the concrete strength, cover, and durability details are specified. In frost-prone areas, frost protection and proper drainage are considered.

Construction involves excavation to the footing depth, placement of formwork and reinforcement, pouring concrete, and curing. The finishes may include a smooth top surface or a raised bearing surface, depending on the supported element. In some cases, the foundation may be precast, or combined footings may be used when loads are close together.

Advantages include simplicity, relatively low cost, and suitability for local soil with uniform bearing capacity. Limitations are susceptibility to differential settlement with varying soil properties, limited capacity for very high loads, and potential need for alternative foundations (such as piles) if the soil bearing capacity is insufficient.