Puffighet

Puffighet, or puffiness, refers to swelling caused by excess fluid accumulating in body tissues. It can be localized, such as around the eyes, hands, or ankles, or generalized, affecting larger areas. In medical terms this swelling is often called edema and may result from fluid overload, inflammation, or impaired drainage.

Common benign causes include standing or heat, high salt intake, pregnancy, hormonal changes, and certain medications. Less commonly, puffiness signals underlying disease such as heart, kidney, or liver problems, thyroid disorders, or venous insufficiency. Localized puffiness may arise from injury, infection, or blocked lymphatic drainage.

Pathophysiology usually involves changes in hydrostatic pressure, oncotic pressure, or lymphatic flow. For example, venous congestion raises fluid leakage into tissues, low blood protein reduces fluid reabsorption, and inflammation increases vascular permeability.

Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination, noting whether swelling is symmetric or asymmetric and whether it pits on pressure. Doctors may order blood tests (kidney and liver function, albumin, thyroid function), urinalysis for protein, and imaging if a vascular or organ cause is suspected.

Management focuses on the underlying cause and general measures such as elevating the limbs, compression stockings, limiting salt intake, staying active, and maintaining a healthy weight. Diuretics are used only under medical supervision. Seek prompt medical care for sudden, painful, asymmetric swelling, swelling with shortness of breath, or signs of pregnancy complications.