Ptbased

Ptbased refers to materials or catalysts in which platinum (Pt) is the primary element. Pt-based systems include pure Pt and a wide range of Pt alloys with metals such as Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, and others, as well as advanced architectures like core–shell nanoparticles and Pt supported on conductive materials such as carbon or graphene. Pt possesses high intrinsic activity for several chemical transformations and exceptional stability under demanding conditions, making Pt-based catalysts central to energy conversion, chemical processing, and environmental applications.

Applications of Pt-based catalysts are broad. They dominate the oxygen reduction reaction in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, where a Pt-based catalyst is typically the key component at the cathode. They are also used in hydrocarbon processing, hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, and electrolysis (as electrodes for water splitting). In environmental catalysis, Pt-based materials contribute to oxidation of carbon monoxide and selective oxidation reactions. Alloying Pt with other metals often enhances activity and reduces Pt loading through electronic and geometric effects, improving cost efficiency and performance.

Structure and synthesis commonly involve preparing nanoparticles supported on carbon (Pt/C), forming alloys by co-reduction and subsequent thermal treatment, and employing dealloying to create Pt-rich surfaces. Core–shell designs place a Pt shell over a non-Pt core to reduce Pt usage while maintaining surface activity. Stability improvements focus on robust supports, controlled particle size, and resistance to dissolution or sintering under operating conditions.

Challenges include high cost and finite Pt supply, which motivate research into reduced Pt loadings, Pt-free alternatives, and more durable catalysts. Ongoing directions include alloy discovery, advanced synthesis methods, and scalable production for practical applications.