Pseudanthias

Pseudanthias is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes in the subfamily Anthiinae of the family Serranidae, commonly known as anthias or basslets. They are small to medium-sized reef fishes, typically 5–15 cm in length, with slender, laterally compressed bodies and elongated dorsal fins. Colouration is vivid and often species-specific, with males usually more brightly colored than females.

Distribution and habitat: Most species occur in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific, including the Red Sea, and are typically found around coral reefs, rocky substrates, and lagoons. They prefer shallow to mid-water depths and are often observed in zones with abundant planktonic prey.

Ecology and behavior: Pseudanthias live in social groups with a harem structure, where a dominant male guards a group of females. They are protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning individuals start life as females and may change to males as circumstances require. They commonly form shoals and are active diurnal feeders, primarily on zooplankton in the water column.

Reproduction and life history: Spawning is pelagic, with eggs released into the open water and hatched into free-swimming larvae. Larval stages drift with currents before settling to reef habitats.

In the aquarium trade: Pseudanthias are popular for their bright coloration but can be challenging to maintain in captivity. They typically require large, well-oxygenated tanks with stable water quality, ample swimming space, and a steady supply of invertebrate-derived zooplankton to mimic natural feeding conditions.