anthias

Anthias is a group of small, brightly colored tropical marine fishes in the family Serranidae, subfamily Anthiadinae. They are typically 5 to 15 centimeters long, with slender, laterally compressed bodies and often elongated dorsal fins. Anthias inhabit coral reefs and other offshore rocky habitats, where they commonly occur in mixed-species or species-specific groups.

They are found in warm oceans worldwide, with greatest species diversity in the Indo-Pacific region. They prefer upper reef slopes, drop-offs, and lagoons, often sheltering among coral heads and sponges. Many species form energetic schools, particularly around feeding times.

Biology and behavior: Anthias feed mainly on zooplankton, hovering in midwater or slowly swimming with mouths open to capture passing prey. They exhibit complex social structures, typically living in harems with one breeding male and several females. Most species are sequentially hermaphroditic, changing from female to male when the dominant male is removed or dies. Spawning is usually broadcast, with pairs or small groups releasing eggs and sperm into the water column; there is no parental care, and larvae are pelagic before settling on the reef.

In human affairs: Anthias are popular in saltwater aquariums due to their color and behavior, but many species require large tanks, stable water quality, and regular feeding of small zooplankton or prepared foods. Conservation status varies by species; habitat loss and collection pressure can impact some populations, but many anthias are not considered threatened.