Prosesser

Prosesser are sequences of actions or changes that transform inputs into outputs. They occur in natural environments, engineered systems, organizations, and information systems. The concept encompasses physical transformations, chemical reactions, biological developments, as well as administrative and computational workflows. Key elements of a process include its inputs, outputs, steps, order, resources, and the rules or constraints that govern the progression.

Natural processes include phenomena such as photosynthesis, weathering, and erosion; chemical processes include combustion and polymerization; physical processes include heat transfer and diffusion. Engineered processes cover manufacturing lines, supply chains, quality control, and data-processing pipelines. In computing, a process is a running instance of a program, with its own memory, resources, and scheduling.

Processes are often modeled using flow diagrams, process maps, or BPMN; process mining uses data from information systems to reconstruct the actual process flow. Process boundaries define what is inside or outside the system being analyzed. Representations help analysts understand sequence, dependencies, and interactions between subprocesses and external actors.

Performance is assessed using metrics such as throughput, cycle time, lead time, yield, and cost. Process improvement methods include Plan-Do-Check-Act, Lean, Six Sigma, and the ISO 9001 process-approach. Bottlenecks, variability, and waste are common targets for optimization. Understanding processes across domains enables systematic analysis, prediction, and control, supporting efficiency, quality, and adaptability.