Proportionalventilen

Proportionalventilen, in English often called a proportional valve, is a type of valve used in hydraulic or pneumatic control systems to regulate fluid flow or pressure in a continuous, proportional manner rather than in discrete on/off steps. The output of the valve follows the electrical input signal, enabling smooth and precise control of actuators such as cylinders or hydraulic motors.

The valve typically consists of a valve body with a movable element such as a spool or poppet, actuated by a proportional solenoid or rotary/linear actuator. The position of the moving element determines the size of the flow orifice, which in turn sets the flow rate or downstream pressure. Proportionalventiler can be configured as two-, three-, or four-way valves, allowing control of direction, pressure, and flow in a compact package. Some designs incorporate feedback sensors to form closed-loop control for higher accuracy and repeatability.

Control and signals for proportionalventilen are usually electrical. Common input ranges include 0–10 V or 4–20 mA, and some systems use pulse-width modulation or digital control. The response and linearity depend on the design, fluid properties, and temperature, and may require compensation in the control system.

Applications of proportionalventilen are widespread in industrial automation, including machine tools, robotics, presses, and process control, where precise, adjustable actuation is needed. Advantages include smooth, adjustable output, fast dynamic response, and reduced mechanical stress. Limitations involve higher cost, sensitivity to temperature and contamination, and the need for suitable power supplies and control electronics. Variants exist for electrohydraulic and electro-pneumatic implementations, each optimized for specific performance and reliability requirements.