Prognathie
Prognathism is the forward projection of one or more jaw bones relative to the skull base. In medical and dental contexts it most often refers to mandibular prognathism (the lower jaw protrudes) or maxillary prognathism (the upper jaw protrudes). The term comes from Greek pro- “forward” and gnathos “jaw.”
Mandibular prognathism causes the mandible to extend in front of the maxilla, while maxillary prognathism involves
Causes include genetics and developmental factors; endocrine disorders such as acromegaly can enlarge jaw bones; trauma
Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and imaging. Lateral cephalometric radiographs or 3D imaging assess the relationship
Treatment depends on severity and symptoms. Mild cases may be managed with orthodontic supervision; more pronounced
In anthropology, prognathism also describes the forward projection of the jaws in humans and other primates,