protrudes

Protrudes is the third-person singular present tense of the verb protrude. Protrude means to extend beyond a surrounding surface or boundary, or to thrust forward or outward. Objects, features, or parts that extend outward from a plane or container are described as protruding.

Contexts: In geology, protruding rock outcrops rise above surrounding soil or bedrock. In anatomy, protrusion refers to a structure that extends beyond its normal position, such as a protruding lip, tongue, or jaw; clinically, protrusion is described with specific terms depending on the area. In engineering and manufacturing, protrusions can be intentional features such as fastener heads, fillets, or studs, or unintentional flaws such as burrs or sharp edges that project beyond a surface. In architecture and design, moldings, balconies, or cornices may protrude from a building’s façade.

Measurement and implications: Protrusion is typically measured as a distance from a reference plane or surface. In design and safety standards, excessive protrusion can create collision hazards or snag points in environments such as public spaces, vehicles, or machinery. Deliberate protrusions can also serve functional roles, including grip, ventilation, or drainage.

Origin: The word derives from Latin protrudere, pro- “forward” plus trudere “to thrust.”