Pricktesting

Prick testing, also known as skin prick testing or puncture testing, is a common diagnostic method used to identify allergies. It involves introducing small amounts of potential allergens to the surface of the skin, typically on the forearm or back. A trained healthcare professional or allergist performs the test. Tiny drops of various suspected allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander, certain foods, or insect venom, are placed on the skin. Then, a sterile lancet or a specialized multi-pronged device is used to gently prick or puncture the skin through each drop. This allows a minute amount of the allergen to enter the superficial layers of the skin.

The skin is then observed for a period of 15 to 20 minutes. If an individual is allergic to a particular substance, their immune system will react by releasing histamine and other chemicals. This typically manifests as a localized reaction at the site of the prick, characterized by redness, swelling, and itching, forming a wheal and flare. The size of the wheal, which is the raised, swollen area, is measured and compared to a control substance (often saline or histamine) to help determine the significance of the reaction. A positive reaction indicates a probable allergy to that specific allergen, although further clinical correlation is usually required. Prick testing is generally safe and provides rapid results, making it a valuable tool in allergy diagnosis.