Preshrunk

Preshrunk refers to fabric or garments that have undergone a controlled pre-shrinkage process before they are sold. The aim is to minimize subsequent shrinkage during laundering, helping the finished item retain its intended size after washing. While the term is most commonly applied to cotton textiles, it can also apply to other natural fibers and some blends.

Preshrinking is achieved through several methods. Mechanical preshrinking, including processes such as fulling or sanforization, uses controlled moisture, heat, and mechanical action to induce fiber contraction before sewing. The Sanforized process, a well-known method dating from the early 20th century, is designed to limit shrinkage to about 1% or less under standard laundering. Chemical finishes and heat-setting may also be used, particularly for synthetic fibers or blends, to stabilize dimensions.

Labeling and expectations: Garments labeled preshrunk or pre-shrunk indicate that the fabric has already been treated to reduce shrinkage. However, preshrunk fabrics can still experience a small amount of further shrinkage, especially when exposed to high heat or aggressive washing. Following care labels and using moderate washing conditions helps maintain fit.

Limitations and context: Preshrinking does not guarantee permanent size stability. Differences in fiber content, blends, and finishing processes can influence the final outcome. In textile manufacturing and apparel retail, preshrunk fabrics are valued for more predictable sizing and reduced waste from shrinkage.