Pratikraman

Pratikraman is a ritual in Jainism focused on repentance, reflection, and confession. The term is derived from Sanskrit, conveying the idea of turning back to review one’s thoughts, speech, and actions to rectify wrongdoings and cultivate self-control. It is practiced by both Digambara and Śvetāmbara communities, though the texts and phrasing may vary between sects.

The ritual typically involves recalling and examining one’s conduct during a period, often the preceding day, to identify actions that harmed others or contravened ethical vows such as non-violence, truth-telling, and cleanliness. Practitioners confess these faults, seek forgiveness from all beings, and renew commitments to ethical discipline. A core component is the practice of Kshama (forgiveness) and the utterance of Michhami Dukkadam (May we be forgiven; may I forgive others), signifying mutual absolution and humility. Many participants also recite prayers or verses and may perform the rite in conjunction with Samayik, a fixed-period meditation that commonly lasts about 48 minutes.

Pratikraman is commonly conducted daily by some Jains, especially households, and is emphasized during major observances such as Paryushan and Das Lakshana. It serves as a structured opportunity for ethical self-scrutiny, remorse, and renewal of commitment to non-violence (ahimsa) and other Jain vows. The practice reinforces the Jain emphasis on inner purification and accountability, while also fostering compassion and harmony within the wider community.