Positioneringsdata

Positioneringsdata refers to data that describes the position of an object in space at a given moment. It typically includes geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude), altitude, and a timestamp, and may also cover velocity and orientation. Positioneringsdata can be generated by GNSS systems, inertial measurement units, wireless beacons, or by sensor fusion of multiple sources. It is fundamental for navigation, tracking and mapping across consumer devices, logistics, autonomy, and research.

Common elements include coordinates in decimal degrees, altitude in meters, speed in meters per second, and heading in degrees. Time is usually an ISO 8601 timestamp. Quality indicators (horizontal/vertical accuracy, dilution of precision) describe reliability, while a source field identifies contributing sensors. Data formats vary and may include NMEA, RTCM, JSON, GeoJSON or CSV, often with metadata about provenance and privacy.

Processing involves converting raw signals into position estimates and fusing data from multiple sensors to improve accuracy and stability, for example using Kalman filtering. Map matching, trajectory smoothing and localization are common techniques. Applications include vehicle navigation, fleet management, asset tracking, autonomous systems, robotics, and geospatial analysis.

Challenges include signal obstruction and multipath effects, latency and update rate considerations, energy use, and privacy and security concerns. Standards and interoperability are supported by organizations such as ISO and OGC, with common data formats and time standards to enable sharing and analysis.