Polyacrylic

Polyacrylic refers to a family of synthetic polymers derived from acrylic acid or related acrylate monomers. The best-known member is polyacrylic acid (PAA), and its neutralized forms, polyacrylate salts such as sodium polyacrylate, are widely used in industry. These polymers are typically prepared by free radical polymerization of acrylic acid or acrylate esters, followed by hydrolysis or neutralization. Crosslinked versions yield hydrogels with high water absorption, known as superabsorbent polymers (SAPs).

Properties of polyacrylates are shaped by their high molecular weight and the presence of carboxylate groups. The carboxyl groups ionize in solution, imparting strong, pH-dependent viscosity and polyelectrolyte behavior. In their acid form they are generally water-soluble or swellable; in salt form they are highly water-swellable and can act as thickeners, stabilizers, and binders. Crosslinking controls gel strength and swelling capacity. The polymers are typically stable, with broad compatibility in aqueous and some non-aqueous formulations.

Applications are diverse. Polyacrylates are used as thickening and stabilizing agents in cosmetics, personal care products (toothpaste, shampoos), and household cleaners. They serve as rheology modifiers in paints, coatings, and adhesives, and as binders in paper and textiles. In hygiene products, crosslinked SAPs provide absorbency in diapers. They are also employed in water treatment and as controlled-release matrices in certain pharmaceuticals.

Safety and environmental aspects: acrylic acid monomer is a caustic, irritant chemical; polymerized polyacrylates are generally low in toxicity, but residual monomer content is regulated. Proper handling and waste management are advised to minimize environmental impact.