acrylate

Acrylates are esters of acrylic acid, generally represented by the formula CH2=CH-COOR, where R is an alkyl or other substituent. The term encompasses a wide range of monomers, including methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and hydroxypropyl acrylate. The defining feature is the vinyl double bond, which enables rapid polymerization through free-radical mechanisms.

Industrial production occurs mainly by esterification of acrylic acid with the corresponding alcohols, or by transesterification of other acrylate esters. On polymerization, acrylates form polyacrylates with diverse properties, from flexible plastics to hard, cross-linked resins. The ability to introduce polar or bulky side groups allows tuning of adhesion, moisture handling, and chemical resistance. Acrylates are widely used in coatings, adhesives, sealants, and plastics, and in specialty resins for dentistry and optics.

Applications extend to consumer goods and industrial products. In coatings and paints, acrylates impart transparency, weather resistance, and adhesion. In adhesives, they provide fast curing and strong bonds. Polyacrylate polymers are central to superabsorbent materials used in hygiene products and to certain cosmetic and industrial thickeners. In dentistry, acrylate monomers are used in resin-based materials for three-dimensional restorations and veneers.

Safety and environmental aspects: Acrylate monomers can be irritants or sensitizers on skin or eyes and may pose inhalation hazards. Proper handling, ventilation, and protective equipment are standard industrial controls. Once polymerized, acrylate materials are typically less reactive and toxic, but residual monomer and processing aids may require management. Some acrylates can contribute to environmental persistence as part of plastics and polymers; disposal should follow applicable regulations.