Podstawnokomórkowy

Podstawnokomórkowy refers to a type of skin cancer known as basal cell carcinoma in English. It originates in the basal cells, which are found in the lower part of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. This is the most common form of skin cancer, particularly in individuals with fair skin, light hair, and blue or green eyes.

The development of basal cell carcinoma is strongly linked to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, primarily from sunlight and tanning beds. Other risk factors include a history of sunburns, a weakened immune system, and exposure to certain environmental toxins like arsenic. It typically appears on sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the face, ears, neck, and hands.

Clinically, basal cell carcinoma can manifest in several ways. Common appearances include a pearly or waxy bump, a flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion, or a sore that bleeds and scabs over but does not heal completely. While it is a slow-growing cancer, it can invade surrounding tissues and cause disfigurement if left untreated. However, basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes (spreads to distant parts of the body).

Diagnosis is usually made through a visual examination by a dermatologist and confirmed with a biopsy, where a small sample of the suspicious lesion is removed and examined under a microscope. Treatment options vary depending on the size, location, and type of basal cell carcinoma, but often include surgical removal (excision), Mohs surgery, curettage and electrodesiccation, cryotherapy, topical medications, or radiation therapy. Early detection and treatment are crucial for successful outcomes.