Podicipedidae

Podicipedidae, commonly known as grebes, are a family of freshwater diving birds in the order Podicipediformes. They are characterized by lobed toes, elongated bodies, and a laterally compressed shape that assists underwater maneuvering. They are primarily aquatic and poor on land.

The family contains about 20 species across several genera, most notably Podiceps, Tachybaptus, Aechmophorus, Podilymbus, and Rollandia. They occupy continents except Antarctica, with the greatest diversity in the temperate and subtropical regions. They inhabit freshwater lakes, ponds, marshes and coastal lagoons; some species venture into saltwater.

Grebes are medium-sized water birds, with varied coloration. They are among the most specialized divers, pursuing prey by underwater pursuit using wing-assisted foot propulsion; their feet are placed far back on the body, which makes walking awkward but powerful for diving. Diet includes fish, crustaceans, insects, and amphibians.

Most grebes are monogamous, with pairs defending territories. They build floating nests of vegetation anchored to submerged vegetation. Both parents incubate eggs and feed the downy chicks. They are known for elaborate courtship displays on the water.

Grebes are generally not globally threatened, but several species are sensitive to habitat degradation, pollution, and introduced predators. Some populations have declined in inland waters; conservation measures focus on preserving wetland habitat and low-disturbance breeding sites.